Section 2

MY second innings FOR your first innings

{/* Start of picture text /} MAJ GEN YASH MOR
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{/* Start of picture text /} EDITOR
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PUBLISHED BY YASH MOR ACADEMY | JUNE 2025 EDITION

TABLE OF

Contents

NATIONAL NEWS NATIONAL NEWS

Mathura-Vrindavan Gauge Project scrapped due to high cost and local Mathura-Vrindavan Gauge Project scrapped due to high cost and local opposition. opposition.

Assam approves arms license scheme for indigenous border Assam approves arms license scheme for indigenous border communities' security. communities' security. Himachal Pradesh launches Rajiv Gandhi Van Samvardhan Yojana for forest Himachal Pradesh launches Rajiv Gandhi Van Samvardhan Yojana for forest conservation and local jobs. conservation and local jobs. Ayush Nivesh Saarthi Portal launched to boost traditional medicine Ayush Nivesh Saarthi Portal launched to boost traditional medicine investment. investment. India secures presidency of IIAS for the first time; V. Srinivas elected. India secures presidency of IIAS for the first time; V. Srinivas elected. Waqf UMEED Portal launched to digitize Waqf property records under Waqf UMEED Portal launched to digitize Waqf property records under new Act. new Act.

Goa becomes India’s second fully literate state under ULLAS mission. Goa becomes India’s second fully literate state under ULLAS mission. Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2025 launched to rank rural sanitation Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2025 launched to rank rural sanitation progress. progress.

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Assam to Invoke 1950 Act for Expelling Illegal Migrants

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Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma has announced plans to implement the Immigrants (Expulsion from Assam) Act, 1950, enabling direct removal of illegal immigrants— especially those from Bangladesh—without court intervention.

⦁ What is the Immigrants (Expulsion from Assam) Act, 1950?

This post-Partition legislation empowers the Centre to order the expulsion of persons whose stay in Assam may pose a threat to public order. It was enacted in the wake of massive migration during and after the 1947 Partition.

• ⦁ Assam’s Unique Legal Landscape on Migration

Unlike other Indian states, Assam has a distinct legal and historical context regarding migration—ranging from the Assam Accord of 1985 to the National Register of Citizens (NRC)—making it a key case study for understanding demographic policy, federalism, and centre-state relations.

Rise of Gig Workers in India

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⦁ Current Landscape of the Gig Economy

India’s gig economy, once limited to ride-sharing and food delivery, has expanded into diverse sectors like healthcare, education, digital content creation, and professional consulting. In 2020, around 3 million workers were employed by 11 major platforms. This figure is expected to grow to 23 million by 2030—approximately 7% of India’s non-agricultural workforce.

⦁ Projected Growth and LongTerm Impact

A study by the VV Giri National Labour Institute, based on NITI Aayog's 2022 data, forecasts a significant surge in gig employment. By 2047, the gig and platform workforce is projected to reach 62 million, accounting for about 15% of the total non-farm employment in India—indicating a major shift in India’s labour structure.

Note-: What is the Gig Economy?

The gig economy refers to a labour market where people work on short-term jobs or projects—often through digital platforms—instead of traditional, permanent jobs. Gig workers are usually freelancers or contract-based employees who get paid per task, ride, delivery, or service, depending on their field.

Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag: Reshaping Language Policy in Governance -—_ ’ i |

Launched in June 2025, this initiative marks a pivotal move in India’s language policy. It aims to reduce the dominance of foreign languages—especially English—in official communication and strengthen India’s linguistic diversity by promoting regional languages in governance.

⦁ Institutional Framework: A Dedicated Wing for Indian

Languages

Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag as a new wing under the Department of Official Language. This transforms the department into a more holistic body dedicated to Indian languages, aligning with the government’s broader vision of decolonisation in public administration.

⦁ Why It Matters: Governance in the Mother Tongue

The initiative seeks to make administration more inclusive by enabling officials to operate in their native languages. This is expected to enhance transparency, improve decisionmaking, and bridge the communication gap between

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the state and the citizen, especially in rural and linguistically diverse regions.

ECI’s New Digital Push: Faster Turnout Updates via ECINET

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⦁ Background of the Initiative The Election Commission of India (ECI) is addressing concerns over delayed voter turnout data, particularly after the 2024 Lok Sabha elections when provisional figures were released late. Opposition parties flagged the delays, citing transparency issues, prompting the ECI to upgrade its data dissemination process.

⦁ Launch of ECINET Mobile

App

To streamline voter turnout reporting, ECI is set to roll out ECINET, a mobile application aimed at real-time data entry and monitoring. This step is expected to significantly reduce lag in voter turnout updates during the upcoming Bihar Assembly elections.

⦁ Constitutional and Institutional

Context

As a constitutional body under Article 324, the ECI is tasked with conducting free and fair elections. Initiatives like ECINET not only strengthen institutional transparency but also align

with global best practices in electoral data management.

Census 2027: Digital & Data-Rich

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⦁ India’s First Digital Census to — Begin by 2025

India will conduct its muchawaited population census by March 1, 2027, marking a significant shift as it will be the country’s first fully digital census. Originally scheduled for 2021, the census was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The exercise is expected to provide critical demographic and socio-economic data essential for governance and planning.

⦁ Two-Phase Approach with

Regional Adjustments

The census will be carried out in two major phases: Phase 1: House listing and housing census from June 16, 2025, to February 28, 2026. Phase 2: Population enumeration from February 27 to March 1, 2027.

Certain regions like Ladakh and parts of Jammu & Kashmir will have a separate reference date of October 1, 2026, to accommodate local conditions. Caste-Based Data to Feature for

the First Time

For the first time in independent India’s census history, caste enumeration will be included.

Enumerators will be specially trained for this new component, and an additional drop-down menu will be provided alongside existing Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) categories. This move is expected to generate valuable insights into India’s complex social structure and aid in targeted policymaking.

Assam Floods

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Over 4 lakh people across 20+ districts in Assam are facing severe monsoon floods this year, with at least 10 reported deaths—highlighting the state’s chronic flood vulnerability.

Geographical Risk in the

Brahmaputra Valley

Assam’s location in the Brahmaputra Valley, coupled with intense monsoons and sediment-heavy tributaries, leads to frequent river overflows due to rising riverbeds.

Key Causes of Recurrent Floods Assam’s floods stem from climate variability, heavy sedimentation, weak embankments, and poor drainage. These factors are crucial for UPSC topics like disaster management, regional planning, and climate resilience.

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• India & Norway to build India's 1st indigenous Polar Research Vessel.

• Bangladesh unveils new currency notes with cultural and religious landmarks, replacing Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s portrait.

• India elected to the UN ECOSOC for 2026–2028 term.

• Bahrain, Colombia, DR Congo, Latvia & Liberia elected to UN Security Council (2026–2027).

• PM Modi to attend 2025 G-7 Summit in Canada, boosting India-Canada ties.

• India to host 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum in 2026.

• North Korea faces major internet outage; cause suspected internal, via China & Russia routes.

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Pakistan to Upgrade Diplomatic Ties with Afghanistan Amid Renewed Engagement

Pakistan has announced plans to upgrade its diplomatic ties with Afghanistan by appointing an ambassador, signalling improved relations after years of tension over cross-border attacks by TTP militants. The breakthrough came during recent trilateral talks in Beijing with China mediating. Pakistan’s Deputy PM Ishaq Dar made the announcement following his April visit to Kabul. Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi is also expected to visit Islamabad soon, reflecting growing highlevel exchanges between the neighbors after Taliban actions against anti-Pakistan groups.

IAEA Flags Iran's Growing Uranium Stockpile Amid U.S. Talks

Iran has increased its uranium stockpile enriched to 60% by nearly 50%, reaching 408.6 kg, according to the IAEA. The watchdog urged Tehran to comply with nuclear guidelines amid ongoing negotiations with the U.S. over a potential new nuclear agreement.

Bangladesh SC Restores Jamaat-eIslami’s Electoral Rights

Bangladesh’s Supreme Court has ordered the Election Commission to reinstate Jamaat-e-Islami’s registration, paving the way for its return to electoral politics. The court left it to the EC to decide if the party can use its traditional “scale” symbol. Jamaat, banned since 2013 for opposing Bangladesh’s 1971 independence, was previously barred by Sheikh Hasina’s government until her ouster in August 2024.

Russia-Ukraine Hold Brief Türkiye Talks, Agree on Prisoner and Body Exchange

Russia and Ukraine concluded brief peace talks in Türkiye on Monday, facilitated by Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan. While no breakthrough was achieved, both sides agreed to exchange documents and prepare for another prisoner swap, including 6,000 soldiers’ bodies. Talks followed major drone strikes by Ukraine on Russian airbases. The Ukrainian and Russian delegations were led by Defence Minister Rustem Umerov and Putin aide Vladimir Medinsky, respectively.

India, Paraguay Explore Strategic Economic Ties via MERCOSUR

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Paraguayan President Santiago Pena discussed enhancing ties, especially through MERCOSUR, focusing on trade, digital tech, minerals, energy, and defense. Paraguay views India as a key strategic partner. Modi emphasized expanding the Preferential Trade Agreement. The visit highlights Paraguay's potential as a reliable partner with valuable natural resources and a neutral foreign policy amidst Latin America's shifting geopolitical dynamics.

Karol Nawrocki Wins Polish Presidency in Tight Race